Coronary balloon
Coronary balloon catheters are polymer, long tubes ended with a special balloon and are used during coronary angioplasty, i.e., widening of a narrowed artery (PCI, PTCA). The coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle and thus ensure its proper function. Angioplasty procedures are performed in patients with narrowing of coronary vessels, i.e., in patients with myocardial infarction or with stable coronary artery disease (chronic coronary syndrome) and persistent symptoms (e.g., chest pain, shortness of breath, deterioration of exercise tolerance) despite the implemented pharmacological treatment.
How coronary balloons work
There are two types of cardiac balloons, i.e., balloons with a thin wall (so-called semi-compliant balloons, SC balloons) and balloons with a thick wall - non-compliant, high-pressure balloons (so-called non-compliant balloons, NC balloons). Balloon catheters widen the lumen of the diseased coronary artery (POBA) and most often prepare the vessel for stent implantation (predilation). Currently, PCI is rarely completed at the balloon angioplasty (POBA) stage alone. Coronary balloons may also be used to optimize the stenting procedure. During the so-called post-dilation, coronary balloons increase the diameter of the stent and the degree of its adherence to the vessel wall. In the case of post-dilation, NC balloons are most often used.