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Coronary stents for bifurcation

Coronary bifurcation stents are small cylindrical tubes with a mesh structure used during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI, PTCA), i.e., angioplasty (stenting) within bifurcation (embranchment of a coronary artery). The coronary arteries, on the other hand, supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, thus ensuring its proper function. Stents are implanted in patients with narrowing of the coronary vessels, i.e., patients with myocardial infarction or stable coronary artery disease (chronic coronary syndrome) and persistent symptoms (e.g., chest pain, shortness of breath, deterioration of exercise tolerance) despite pharmacological treatment.

How bifurcation stents work

Stents widen the lumen of the diseased coronary artery within bifurcation and maintain its patency, i.e., they act as a scaffold (a stent is a permanently deployed implant). Bifurcation stents available on the market are characterized by a structure that adapts to the anatomy of the bifurcation, i.e., they have a larger diameter in the initial part and a smaller diameter in the distal part. Currently, drug stents (DES) are the most implanted. They consist of a metal platform (cobalt-chrome alloy) and a drug-releasing polymer, such as sirolimus or everolimus. The drug has an antiproliferative effect and thus reduces the risk of re-narrowing (restenosis) at this site.

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